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Mexicana (ship)
The ''Mexicana'' was a topsail schooner (Spanish ''goleta'') built in 1791 by the Spanish Navy at San Blas, New Spain. It was nearly identical to the ''Sutil'', also built at San Blas later in 1791. Both vessels were built for exploring the newly discovered Strait of Georgia, carried out in 1792 under Dionisio Alcalá Galiano, on the ''Sutil'', and Cayetano Valdés y Flores, on the ''Mexicana''. During this voyage the two Spanish vessels encountered the two British vessels under George Vancouver, ''HMS Discovery'' and ''Chatham'', which were also engaged in exploring the Strait of Georgia. The two expeditions cooperated in surveying the complex channels between the Strait of Georgia and Queen Charlotte Strait, in the process proving the insularity of Vancouver Island. After this first voyage the ''Mexicana'' continued to serve the San Blas Naval Department, making various voyages to Alta California and the Pacific Northwest coast.
==Construction==
To meet the need for additional ships following the 1789 Nootka Crisis, Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra, commandant of the San Blas Naval Base, augmented his small fleet. Four new vessels built, the schooners ''Valdés'' and ''Activa'', and the twin schooners ''Mexicana'' and ''Sutil''. Construction of the ''Mexicana'' began on 27 March 1791, under the direction of the shipyard ''constructor'' Manuel Bastarrachea and according to Bodega y Quadra's specifications. The ''Mexicana'' was launched on 21 May 1791.
The ''Mexicana'' was long with a beam of , a depth of hold of , and a tonnage of 33 ''toneladas''.〔The Spanish word ''toneladas'' is a unit of capacity of a ship's hold, roughly equivalent to English terms ton, tonnage, or tons burthen. The exact size of a ''tonelada'' varied but was usually somewhat smaller than the English ton. For older ships it is difficult if not impossible to convert between English tons and Spanish ''toneladas''. See (Glossary of Spanish Names, Blue Water Ventures )〕 The vessel's draft was , forward, and aft. The keel's length was .
Although the Spanish word ''goleta'' is usually translated as schooner, the rigging of the ''Mexicana'' was changed a number of times, from a topsail schooner to a modified brig and other variations. In addition to a set of fore-and-aft sails the ''Mexicana'' carried main-mast and fore-mast courses, topsails, and staysails. The vessel also carried spanker, jib, and flying jib sails.〔
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